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The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences Advance Access originally published online on February 4, 2009
The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2009 64B(2):163-170; doi:10.1093/geronb/gbn034
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Do Older Drivers At-Risk for Crashes Modify Their Driving Over Time?

Lesley A. Ross1,2,3, Olivio J. Clay1,2, Jerri D. Edwards4, Karlene K. Ball1,2, Virginia G. Wadley2,5, David E. Vance2,6, Gayla M. Cissell7, Daniel L. Roenker7 and John J. Joyce8

1 Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
2 Edward R. Roybal Center for Translational Research on Aging and Mobility, University of Alabama at Birmingham
3 Ageing Research Unit, Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra
4 School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa
5 Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
6 School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham
7 Department of Psychology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green
8 Driver Safety Research Office, Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration, Glen Burnie

Address correspondence to Lesley A. Ross, PhD, Research Ageing Unit, Centre for Mental Health Research, Building 63, Eggleston Road, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Email: LesleyARoss{at}gmail.com


  Abstract

Five-year driving habit trajectories among older adults (n = 645) at-risk for crashes were examined. Performance measures included Useful Field of View (UFOV). Motor-Free Visual Perception Test, Rapid Walk, and Foot Tap. Self-report measures included demographics and the Driving Habits Questionnaire. Longitudinal random-effects models revealed that drivers at-risk for subsequent crashes, based upon UFOV, regulated their driving more than the lower-risk participants. Restricted driving was present at baseline for the at-risk group and was observed in longitudinal trajectories that controlled for baseline differences. Results indicate that persons at-risk for subsequent crashes increasingly limit their driving over time. Despite this self-regulation, a larger sample of such older drivers was twice as likely to incur subsequent at-fault crashes. Results suggest that self-regulation among older drivers at-risk for crashes is an insufficient compensatory approach to eliminating increased crash risk.

UFOV is a registered trademark of Visual Awareness, Inc.

Key Words: Crash risk • Older drivers • Self-regulation • UFOV

Received February 5, 2008; Accepted September 3, 2008

Decision Editor: Rosemary Blieszner, PhD


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