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The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences Advance Access published online on January 29, 2009
The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, doi:10.1093/geronb/gbn032
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Assessing Outcome Expectations in Older Adults: The Multidimensional Outcome Expectations for Exercise Scale

Thomas R. Wójcicki, Siobhan M. White and Edward McAuley

Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana

Address correspondence to Edward McAuley, PhD, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, 906 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801. Email: emcauley{at}illinois.edu


  Abstract

Outcome expectations, an important element of social cognitive theory, have been associated with physical activity in older adults. Yet, the measurement of this construct has often adopted a unidimensional approach. We examined the validity of a theoretically consistent three-factor (physical, social, and self-evaluative) outcome expectations exercise scale in middle-aged and older adults (N = 320; M age = 63.8). Participants completed questionnaires assessing outcome expectations, physical activity, self-efficacy, and health status. Comparisons of the hypothesized factor structure with competing models indicated that a three-factor model provided the best fit for the data. Construct validity was further demonstrated by significant association with physical activity and self-efficacy and differential associations with age and health status. Further evidence of validity and application to social cognitive models of physical activity is warranted.

Key Words: Outcome expectations • Exercise • Older adults

Received February 25, 2008; Accepted July 16, 2008

Decision Editor: Rosemary Blieszner, PhD


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