The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences Advance Access originally published online on June 10, 2009
The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2009 64B(4):517-527; doi:10.1093/geronb/gbp047
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Meaning in Life and Mortality
Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health and the Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Address correspondence to Neal Krause, PhD, Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1420 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029. E-mail: nkrause{at}umich.edu
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Abstract |
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Objectives: The purpose of this exploratory study was to see if meaning in life is associated with mortality in old age.
Methods: Interviews were conducted with a nationwide sample of older adults (N = 1,361). Data were collected on meaning in life, mortality, and select control measures.
Results: Three main findings emerged from this study. First, the data suggest that older people with a strong sense of meaning in life are less likely to die over the study follow-up period than those who do not have a strong sense of meaning. Second, the findings indicate that the effect of meaning on mortality can be attributed to the potentially important indirect effect that operates through health. Third, further analysis revealed that one dimension of meaning—having a strong sense of purpose in life—has a stronger relationship with mortality than other facets of meaning. The main study findings were observed after the effects of attendance at religious services and emotional support were controlled statistically.
Discussion: If the results from this study can be replicated, then interventions should be designed to help older people find a greater sense of purpose in life.
Key Words: Meaning in life • Mortality
Received May 13, 2008; Accepted January 14, 2009